We Preach the Bible so that we will be changed

Thinking out yesterday’s sermon a little more…God has given us His people and His Word to fully equip us for carrying out the trust He has placed in us. We, the people, preach the Bible, and the Bible only because of what is the Bible is and does…through it God makes us whole again.

Holy Scripture…[is] the one divinely given Word by which God intends to rule the Christian community and in which he presently confronts the church with a norm higher than her own conscience.1

As the children of God, we believe the words He has spoken in propositional form; we obey the words He has given as commands and we participate in the words that come as poetry and as story. The implication of possessing God’s very words written form is that we know what to believe about our God and how to continue in relationship to Him because He has communicated and continues to communicate through the Spirit’s illumination of those very same words.

Because the Bible is Scripture, inspired revelation by God in written form, we preach the Bible. God has breathed out these words and promises to illuminate them in the believing heart, mind and soul. My role is to explain and to clarify within my community. If we preach anything other than the Bible (even for 40 days) we rob God’s people of their great treasure and fed them instead cheap filler that may lead to rapid and unnatural growth, which we all know is just another way to describe cancer.

The divine Word transforms the human soul. We can speak only a few words about the process before we must bow the knee to the mysterious work of God’s Spirit in the believing heart. So Paul writes in the passage we preached yesterday:

All Scripture is breathed out by God and profitable for teaching, for reproof, for correction, and for training in righteousness, that the man of God may be competent, equipped for every good work.2

Scripture delivers these four profits in the believing life. It teaches what was not known. The Bible provides true, but not exhaustive, knowledge about God and God’s ways in the world. Biblical knowledge comes in a variety of forms that range from story to poetry to propositional statement. It corrects where doctrine is held that is unworthy of God. We call such false doctrine, “heresy.” As the means by which God exercises His authority, the Bible rebukes bad behavior and positively trains the willing heart to act righteously in wisdom based upon what has been taught.

The Scriptures demonstrate by their existence and their record that words3 are affective (as well as effective), they influence in a formative direction. Eugene Peterson puts it this way:

The Christian Scriptures are the primary text for Christian spirituality…We don’t form our personal spiritual lives out of a random assemblage of favorite texts in combination with individual circumstances; we are formed by the Holy Spirit in accordance with the text of Holy Scripture.4

While some will want to make a clear distinction between approaching the Scriptures for information as opposed to transformation, I don’t see this as a possibility. M. Robert Mulholland:

God asks to be loved with all our minds and all our hearts. The informational aspect relates to primarily (though not exclusively) to our minds. It must be balanced with the formational aspect, which relates primarily (though not exclusively) to our hearts.5

We are whole human persons. We cannot read with one part of being and not another. Walt Russell comments on Mulholland’s example of reading for transformation:

The spiritual concerns and goals expressed by these examples are clearly admirable…Such practices remove any sense of shared understanding or meaning that other readers could have with the same text…It is a mistake to pit informational reading against reading for spiritual formation.6

Russel’s book is going to help us through the summer at SMCC.

Back to the point. True transformation will always take place as a result of the Spirit of God illuminating a true knowledge of the Word of God, which is information. We preach the inspired information for spiritual transformation. As to how the Word transforms, it is a work of the Spirit of God to bring about according to His own sovereignty.

The old writers of the Westminster Confession codified this truth some 500 years ago.

We may be moved and induced by the testimony of the Church to an high and reverent esteem of the Holy Scripture. And the heavenliness of the matter, the efficacy of the doctrine, the majesty of the style, the consent of all the parts, the scope of the whole (which is, to give all glory to God), the full discovery it makes of the only way of man’s salvation, the many other incomparable excellencies, and the entire perfection thereof, are arguments whereby it does abundantly evidence itself to be the Word of God: yet notwithstanding, our full persuasion and assurance of the infallible truth and divine authority thereof, is from the inward work of the Holy Spirit bearing witness by and with the Word in our hearts.

Westminster Confession of Faith7

Ultimately, the Word transforms because the Spirit works with it. The child of God is transformed as the Spirit of God uses the Word of God through the mouths of the people of God, which we call preaching or proclamation.

More later on how preaching the Word is a communal act…that’s next Sunday’s sermon.

1 Carl Henry, “The Authority and Inspiration of the Bible” Expositor’s Bible Commentary, Vol. 1. (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan), 1979, 10.

2 2 Timothy 3:16-17, English Standard Version.

3 “Words” meaning the conveying of thought via either the movement of air over the vocal cords or the movement of the hand and pen over the paper.

4 Eugene Peterson, Eat this Book: a conversation in the art of spiritual reading, (Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 2006), 15.

5 M. Robert Mulholland Jr., Shaped by the Word: The Power of Scripture in Spiritual Formation, (Nashville, TN: Upper Room Books, 2000), 63.

6 Walt Russell, Playing with Fire: How the Bible Ignites Change in your Soul, (Colorado Springs, CO: NavPress, 2000), 40-41.

7 Westminster Confession of Faith, Chapter 1, article 5.

WENDELL BERRY’S 17 RULES FOR COMMUNITIES…

Reblogged from Leading from the Middle:

What do you think of Berry’s rules? How would you alter them as a Christian?

Always ask of any proposed change or innovation: what will this do to our community? How will this affect our common wealth?

Always include nature – the land, the water, the air, the native creatures – within the membership of the community.

Always ask how local needs might be supplied from local sources, including the mutual help of neighbors.

Read more… 327 more words

The lack of poetry today is a conspiracy against biblical literacy!

Reblogged from Leading from the Middle:

Ok, this is sarcasm. But I do believe that we will know God through the Bible so much more and find so much more joy in Jesus if we learned to appreciate poetry. To that end…some poems I love…

How To Be a Poet by Wendell Berry

(to remind myself)

Make a place to sit down. Sit down. Be quiet. You must depend upon affection, reading, knowledge, 

Read more… 103 more words

Not if you haven't read the Bible...

Reblogged from Leading from the Middle:

Click to visit the original post

Great piece on the BBC this last week on how it is impossible to teach classic literature to a biblically illiterate society.

Listen here. 

This is so right. E.D. Hirsch made the same argument in “Cultural Literacy.” An American without adequate knowledge of the Bible Stories will be unable to understand common references in most Western classic literature. 

Multiply that 100 fold if you are trying to read the New Testament without adequate knowledge of the Old…or read The Shack based on your own inherent moral and theological knowledge instead of a knowledge of what the Bible actually says.

Read more… 90 more words

Created to enjoy God's Glory

Reblogged from Leading from the Middle:

God in seeking his glory seeks the good of his creatures, because the emanation of his glory . . . implies the . . . happiness of his creatures. And in communicating his fullness for them, he does it for himself, because their good, which he seeks, is so much in union and communion with himself. God is their good. Their excellency and happiness is nothing but the emanation and expression of God’s glory.

Read more… 123 more words

Good words. Full of hope and gratitude.

Day 6: Church

I and church have not gotten along very well. Yes, I am a Pastor. But as a paid church member or a regular member I always seem to come out on the short end of things. At first I determined that the problem was the people, so I began a personal revolution to demand that people change. I insisted that those who lived in my circles {or those unfortunate enough to run into me} knew when they were hypocrites or when their self-centered American lifestyles were destroying the planet and inflicting unjust suffering on the third-world slaves who sewed their Wal-Mart clothes so they could save 47 cents. The revolution failed, all that happened was that no one wanted to be around me. I realized that people are just people, inside or outside the church.

The problem, it seemed, was with the institution of the church, organized religion {Which is kind of a funny phrase. What is the alternative? Disorganized religion? Usually that means I want to make up my own way}. So I began a personal revolution to create a level playing field within the church. I spoke to church leaders as if they were buddies. “Hey, Jack, how’s it going?” I wrote articles for the church newsletter to rally all to the side of equality. No leaders! We all are servants under Jesus. That failed too when I learned enough to know I was wrong and the church really does need leaders. There is such a thing as Biblical leadership. Some men do abuse their power and run the church like their own little fiefdom and treat themselves like the king, but the problem is with the man, not the church. I’m glad that I me have met and sat under men who did not abuse their power but used it for others. I’ve long since gotten off the band wagon that works to create a new form of church that reflects twenty and thirty something spoiled brat mentalities. Far too many new style churches are little more than glorified youth groups. Well its time to grow up!

When I realized that the only common factor in each situation was me, I began a personal revolution…that one is still in progress. I hope that everyone will join me in this fight. If we all took responsibility for our own growth and our own involvement in the church, it would be a much better experience for everyone and it would more honestly reflect the kind of mature and loving {though flawed} community that Jesus had in mind.

Here’s where I’m at. This is just the way it is. It’s never going to be perfect – people, intuition or {especially} me. But if we all come together honestly seeking to walk with Jesus I can deal with a lot of sloppiness. {That is not to say that I have no theological and traditional convictions, I most certainly do, strong and detailed}.

Right now, this is my work and my heart still comes alive when I gather together with Jesus’ people to worship Him. That’s what Mark and I will talk about today.

So, I sit here, ready, early, with a stack of books that are themselves good friends. I walked right in {Rob’s chair was empty, I think Thursday is his day off}. Sarah poured my tea while I claimed my table with the book-friends. Weather today? Didn’t notice. Coffee of the day? Who cares?

Mark orders a Mate´ Late´ {Yerba Mate´, if you’re not familiar with it, is the national drink of Paraguay, Uruguay and Argentina. It’s a member of the Holly family and served like a tea. The say it has great nutritional benefits and rejuvenating effects without the caffeine of coffee.} that means he’s doing well and feeling relaxed, a good day to dig into these ideas. I’m so excited that my mouth is moving as soon as his feet stopped.

Robert: Do you go to church?

Mark: Here and there, now and then.

{Setting his cup down. Yerba is traditionally served in a hollowed gourd and drank through a bombilla. The experience definitely lacks something out of a mug}

Robert: Do you worship God?

Mark: Of course. Are you implying that they are connected?

{Setting himself down}

Robert: Yes and no. I’ve been working some of these things out for years. Can I tell you where I’m at? {He nods graciously, grinning at my atypical animation}. Thanks. Stop me at any time.

First, the seed thought that’s feeding my wrestling about the church is the same insistence that all the knowledge, the information, that we have given from God ought to be doing something in our hearts. We’ve been talking about the past few weeks. We know God, Mark. So we ought to have something developing in our hearts about church and worship. A proper knowing develops a heart that desires to worship God. It is impossible for one who knows God, not to worship Him.

Mark: And you are suggesting that worship takes place at church?

Robert: Yes I am, but you’re ahead of me. Can I get there in a bit?

Mark: Sure, where do we begin then?

Robert: Let’s begin with what worship is. I’m arguing for a bigger definition than is prevalent today. The standard meaning of worship in Evangelical churches is music or singing. We have the time of “worship,” then the time of the “sermon.” That is far too small. I brought a dictionary, listen to this:

  1. The reverent love and devotion accorded a deity, an idol, or a sacred object.
  2. The ceremonies, prayers, or other religious forms by which this love is expressed.

American Heritage Dictionary

{Mark chuckled at my stack of books. This is the first time I actually brought books with me, I quote all the time. By now he knows me enough to realize that my library is an extension of my brain. It is an honest thing for me to bring them because they are a part of me – and I think that everyone should be reading all the time. Besides, I was thinking about church from outside of one for the first time in my believing life, so I had a lot to sort through}.

Mark: It is emotional and it is ceremonial. The ceremonial is where you get the church part.

Robert: We’ll get there. Let me show you how I came to tie the two together, because I haven’t always.

Worship is emotional; it is an affair of the heart. It is emotion, yet it must not be the working up of emotions.

As a Pastor I have, er had, the most difficult time on the week following a powerful church experience. {Mark gave me a minute. There’s a certain shame that comes with losing your identity, your idols.}.  I remember an Easter service in which we intertwined the movements of the life of Christ through sermon with responsive worship through song. We began with a few moments of sermon highlighting the humility of Christ in becoming a man. Then we say in gratitude of that humiliation. I was so moved by the Spirit of God in the service that I and others were tempted to rearrange our regular services to that format. But I did not change is because I want God to bring the emotions from who He is and not from what we do. There is the struggle. Worship is an affair of the heart towards God because He is worthy of being loved.

Mark: So thinking of God makes me emotional?

Robert: Do you have a girlfriend?

Mark: I wish.

Robert: A little sister, a niece, anyone like that?

Mark: I have a niece, she is so beautiful. I love the way she hugs me around my legs whenever I see her.

The other day, I was with my brother’s family and Annie came running up to me yelling, “Unkie Mark, Unkie Mark.” When I looked down at her she smiled and gave me a thumbs up, then ran away.

Robert: You adore her.

Mark: Yea, I really do.

Robert: This is what I’m talking about.

The old English Book of Common Prayer asks all worshipers this question:

Q. What is adoration?

A. Adoration is the lifting up of the heart and mind to God, asking nothing but to enjoy God’s presence.

You adore Annie because of who she is. We adore God because of who He is.

God doesn’t need our worship. The church I worship with meets in a rented hall, not very fancy. If God needed worship, I don’t think He would choose that place, listening to our music and my preaching. I think God would listen to the Boston Philharmonic and maybe He’d want to hear John Piper preach. John Piper’s preaching makes Jesus look good.

Mark: I can do that without going to church.

Robert: You can. In one sense church worship is the just coming together of people who have a common affair of the heart. We help each other develop a desire to worship God in response to who He is.

Mark: You mean, that is what it’s supposed to do.

Robert: That is what it does, to some degree. We cannot help but being drawn to adore God if the Bible is preached, if we take communion, if people are baptized. Now if those things don’t happen, I don’t know why you would even call that place church.

Mark: Okay, I see our thoughts are overlapping here. I worship God in my own heart and when you and I do it together, that’s churching. My life is pretty busy. It is difficult to find time in the day to even think of God. Taking an hour or two out of Sunday strictly to worship with others sounds impossible.

Robert: When we do get busy, the gathering for worship is the first thing to go. But if we have a heart of worship I think we’ll be pushed by the sheer force of the thought of God to worship. It’s as if we have no choice, we cannot help but adore God and seeing you adore God does something wonderful for me.

Mark, I said I’ve been thinking about this for a while, can I share with you the stories of three people in the Bible who had this desire.

Mark: Sure.

Robert: In Acts chapter 16 the Apostle Paul and his friend Silas are in prison for freeing a demon possessed girl from her torment. What a crime! Luke writes that, at midnight Paul and Silas were singing Hymns in prison. What are they doing singing in prison? What were they doing singing at midnight? What hymns were they? Were the at least singing the old somber songs? If it was me there that day, it might read, “At Midnight Robert was crying in a ball in the corner.” They had hearts that were drawn by a powerful force to worship God.

One more example.

The Apostle John was on Patmos, the prison island on a Sunday morning. We read in Revelation 1:9-10 I, John, your brother and companion in the suffering and kingdom and patient endurance that are ours in Jesus, was on the island of Patmos because of the word of God and the testimony of Jesus. On the Lord’s Day I was in the Spirit, and I heard behind me a loud voice like a trumpet,

{We read out of my preaching Bible. I just got it. Right before I stopped preaching. For years I used this green covered Bible with paisleys on it – it was given to me. I finally spent the money on a good black leather Bible that actually stays open on the lectern when I’m teaching}.

He was in a state of worship, on the day of worship even without a place of worship or a people of worship. He was enticed by the God of worship.

My letter might read, “I Robert, on the Lord’s day was in the a state of depression because I was alone and suffering unjustly.” I am not where John was, but that is where I want to be.

Mark: People inspire me. But don’t these support my case, Robert. Both examples you gave were people alone, not in church when they were worshipping. I think I would pick a more inspiring place, but…

Robert: But this was not usually for either of them. And both of these Apostle’s insisted upon corporate worship as well.

Worshipping in community is the clearest way to develop a habit of worshipping God everywhere and anywhere.

Mark: I can see that, tell me how that might work.

Robert: I am speaking of that gathering God demands you to attend when the community you belong to comes together for the purpose of adoring God

Mark: God demands?

Robert: Absolutely. Since I have it with me, let me read to you from the Book of Common Prayer again:

Q.What is the duty of all Christians?

A. The duty of all Christians is to follow Christ; to come together week by week for corporate worship; and to work, pray, and give for the spread of the kingdom of God.

Q.What is corporate worship?

A. In corporate worship, we unite ourselves with others to acknowledge the holiness of God, to hear God’s Word, to offer prayer, and to celebrate the sacraments.

God demands that his community takes time to stop and remember how wonderful he is.

Mark: Duty and adoring don’t go together for me.

Robert: I have no problem with a duty of faith. It is fine with me if you attend the Sunday Morning worship because you have to. If your motive is simply, God demanded my worship, so I will come. I’m okay with that motivation, provided it doesn’t stay that way. It is like immaturity. You can come out of duty for a period of time, but you must grow out of that.

Mark: Corporate worship is my duty, but it ought also to be my delight? Let me talk this out. I benefit personally as I come with others to worship God. Is that where we are going?

Robert: Right, right, right. Sorry for jumping in, but this is exactly what I’ve been trying to get to. Look at all that we gain out of church, even if its sloppy. I am changed by hearing the Word preached. I am changed by the fellowship as we talk together. I am changed by the prayers that we offer together and for each other. I am changed by the rituals that we practice in taking communion and reading the Creeds. I am changed by the singing of Psalms, Hymns and Spiritual songs. I am changed by the oaths that we take to God and each other that we will go out with God and do our best to live by faith.

Corporate worship as duty and delight is both fruit of a life that loves God and also food for the rest of life.

Mark: My church attendance says something of my delight in God.

Robert: How can we not be thrilled when we know God? How can we not be enthusiastic about coming together to talk of God and share with God’s people?

Mark: And if God is as wonderful as we are saying that He is, why do we look so miserable and disinterested at church?

Robert: That’s a crime. That has to be because many people are still dangerous in their knowledge of God. They don’t know enough to be moved to worship.

Not all will behave the same way. Some folks could never think of dancing in worship and some wouldn’t think of sitting still. The form is irrelevant, unless it violates some Biblical principle.

{Which some forms certainly do and some good forms can be used selfishly. If I am singing with all my heart about the grace of God with my hands raised and eyes closed while the person sitting next to me is crying from their pain, then I am missing the Spirit of God in the moment.}

Worship from the heart will be God centered, it will minister to the needs of others, it will be sincere and based on truth and reverence, it will be from delight and with enthusiasm.

Mark: Why do I have to stop with Sunday? Can I worship at home as well?

Robert: You can do both. Family worship has been a big part of Christian living over the centuries.

All the hippie parents raised us with the idea that they should try to keep us free of religion so that we could make our own decisions when we were grown. By the time we were grown God was not a thought and when He entered our lives we had to sit down with the kindergarteners. People raised in a Christian home at least had something to work with when it came time to decide for themselves.

The Christian home is a great place for catechism. Or else we might be growing up as little heretics. We need much more than teaching only. We want to grow to be worshippers.

Mark: I believe I worship God with all of my life.

Robert: How do you mean?

Mark: This may be overly simplistic, but I figure that if I trust that Jesus’ death makes me right with God, then I worship all the time as I trust in Him alone. The beginning of everything Christian is the cross, isn’t it?

When I trust in Christ’s cross and them step out of the house to go to work, isn’t that worship? Haven’t I honored Jesus’ sacrifice the way it was intended to be honored. Aren’t I acting on what is true? If I trust in Christ, is Sunday church better than doing the dishes?

Robert: I…I don’t think I needed to say this to you today. You get it so well. It took me years to come to that understanding, you had it when you got here.

My point is to combine the two together. Corporate worship with the gathered church prepares you for daily life and worship in your daily life in necessary for authentic public worship.

Mark: So you’re not downplaying the value of my worshipping God alone.

Robert: Not at all. But I am insisting on going to church as well. One won’t do without the other.

Mark: I don’t like going. I don’t like how old it feels. I don’t like the way people dress. I don’t like the power play that the preacher has, declaring the Word for us all to obey.

Robert: First, if it is the Word of God that is being preached, then you have to obey it no matter who declares it. You are obeying God, not the preacher.

But I am saying that I don’t care if you like they way church is done or not. It is your responsibility to do want God has commanded. You are a man; you have to stop making excuses. Learn for yourself, develop your own character and you’ll find that you gain respect because who you are. This is Paul’s suggestion to his disciple Timothy because people looked down on his age:

Don’t let anyone look down on you because you are young, but set an example for the believers in speech, in life, in love, in faith and in purity.

Mark: Have any suggestions for how to do this? I haven’t been part of a church since I was a kid.

Robert: Honestly, I’ve just started to think through this. I’ve been asking myself. How would I want someone to come to my church?What kind of person would gain my respect?  And now, how will I get back into one?

I think becoming part of a church would take about a year. You got two categories of things to work on. First, just keep working on yourself – keep learning, keep growing, keep motivated because it will all pay off in the long run. Second, step in like this. Find a church that actually opens the Bible on Sunday morning. I don’t mean they put a verse up on the screen or tell you a nice story. That preachers’ story is not the God inspired Word of God that the Spirit will use to change your life. You’ve got to start here and look past whether the preacher is old or young, in a tie or in jeans. Then patiently get involved. You are not there to revolutionize the place. Humbly attend regularly. Go to study groups, prayer meetings, help clean, help in the parking lot. Whatever service you can offer while the church learns to know who you are. Settle down; make friends with the intention of keeping them for life. Then, Mark, at some point, maybe a year from now, ask for an opportunity to take on more responsibility.

Mark: A year is a long time.

Robert: Yes it is. Mark?

Mark: Yea?

Robert: I know I’m a little blunt. I’m sorry if it’s too heavy.

Mark: Nah, it helps me think, and it forces me out of my narrow little bubble. But becoming something different takes so much.

Robert: Yes it does. I’ll walk with you if you walk with me.

Mark: Well, I’m going to walk out right now, but I’ll be back tomorrow? You?

Robert: Whenever you want, my friend. Though I don’t really know what tomorrow will bring for me. But I hope church and I will do better next time. I hope I am growing and will be more ready for that gift of God in my life.

{So, church isn’t the issue. I stopped looking for the perfect church a long time ago. Unfortunately, myself, Mark, and far too many others have had traumatic experiences at the hands of churches. But churches are just people, Jesus is the only Savior and He only saves sinners. That has lead postmodern church leaders to seek to recreate church in a form that does not remind us of our abusers, that feels good, with a style that connects with who I am. I think we should be careful that we do not recreated God’s community in the image of spoiled children and wounded people. The church must be healthy to care for the sick. If you are sick, if you are lost, if you are hurting, run to a church right now. Find solace and hope and salvation with God’s people. If you have fled church because of how bad it has been for you – you change first. Then return as one from exile who took the time to train and grow and become strong. This is religion that God, our Father considers true. I’ll see you on Sunday.}

Left, Right and Christ: A Pastor’s Review

Left, Right and Christ: Evangelical Faith in Politics

Lisa Harper and D.C. Innes 

272 pages from Russell Media (October 6, 2011).

This is a pastoral review. That means I am not writing it for a literary journal or for the book cover, but for a real people, my people, who live in a political world. That means that that I don’t particularly care about the ideology of either writer. I am strictly undeclared, I have to be in the place where I live and I actually like it that way. As I read I looking for three things from these two Christians writing on politics to my people:

  1. I am looking for their use of the  Bible. Is the Bible their starting point or their justification for what they hold by party affiliation? Do they use the Bible accurately and fairly? Do they use the Bible rhetorically as literature or principally as a book of rules and abstract truths?

  2. I am looking for humanity, both theirs and everyone else’s. Are they writing as real people to real people? Are they defending people or ideas? Are they using stories of people anecdotally or in truth?

  3. I am looking for consistency of the above and logical consistency as well. Do they appeal to the Bible in the same way throughout? Are they willing to stick to an idea and leave parts blank if they need to? These things matter and it will show if their priority is to Christ, as revealed in the Bible or somewhere else.

First of all, it is amazingly refreshing to have two authors, who disagree, actually converse. There is no name calling, no belittling, there is just good old fashioned argument. To which I give a hearty, “Amen!” and extend my gratefulness to both Lisa Harper and David Innes, neither of whom I know, but both of whom I would love to share a cup of coffee. Thank you both, for your hard work, for your love for people and for the honesty with which you share your stories.

For those who have not read it…the meat of this book addresses topics with each author taking the first pass in turn.

Foundations

That is, what principles provide the political a prior for the conversation to follow. To their credit, both appeal to the the God of the Bible, both were very good and very well written.

I found Lisa Harper’s theological foundations to be excellent. She began at the beginning, as God does, but so few of the rest of us do. When we begin at the beginning we begin with God and not with ourselves. If we begin with God, then we enter as subjects, image bears, characters in a story in which God is main character. We live, move and play politics in His world. He picture of human flourishing (p. 50) is the exact inspiration that we need for all of our political action. She did, however, seem to miss a very important point in her application of these ideas, that of the Covenant context for the 10 commandments (p. 53-54). These are not just good ideas to promote justice, they are gracious instructions for God’s covenant people. That difficult showed up in her disjointed jump from theocratic Israel to the American nation (p. 54). I say, keep going and take that pathway right through the New Covenant where the people of God continue in the ways of justice, now defined by grace rather than Law.

D.C. Innes, in classic conservative fashion, presents a series of biblical truths in principled summary. He particularly focuses on two classic New Testaments passages on the nature and role of government, from 1 Peter and Romans 13 (p. 58-59). Two responsibilities of government result from this study: to punish evil and to praise good. The trouble comes when he declares an authoritative limitation. Government does these two things and nothing more than that (p. 62) Unfortunately, the biblical passages do not make this limitation a point and do not allow that emphasis. Pastorally speaking, I would like to have seen him focus on the the good that could come from the two and demanding that government faithfully meet that calling.

The two combine to make a great chapter on capitalism. Together they praise what is good and critique what is evil. From my pastoral place they were able to do the job of government (Innes) in this chapter. One line, this time from Lisa Harper, “In God’s economy…we value people more than money” (p. 86)

Conversations

On healthcare

It seems that all agree that the lack of medical care for real people is a problem. Harper jumps from the problem to government as a solution without saying much of why (it happens somewhere around p. 94). Innes advocates local decision making, which I would expect to make Harper proud, and concludes powerfully, “A state run system does not love you,” (p. 105). It seems the old saying is true, Christians believe in universal healthcare, they just don’t all believe the government is the best one to provide it. My pastoral desire, having to spend far too much time in hospitals, is to see health decisions being made by professionals who know their patients.

On abortion

The authors were successful at revealing the complexity of legislation in regards to a practice like abortion. Harper serves us very well in discussion the relationship of poverty to abortion rates. The two were able to be respectful in the conversation and to stay away from red herrings like “choice,” in order to talk about life. Well done to both. With that said, I found one section violating all 3 of my pastoral criteria. On page 121 Harper states that “any religious definition of the beginning of life cannot be the criteria used to decide at what point gestation becomes ‘life.” The trouble is readily apparent when one has been arguing from religious definitions of justice, liberty and human flourishing for the entire book. It was difficult not to let this color the remainder of the book. The entire hope of this book is that religious, biblical definitions can make a better political, public world. I would think future editions would require addressing this inconsistency and ask her to explain in greater detail.

On same sex marriage

I found this chapter interesting. Perhaps fear hindered a more thorough biblical examination of the issues. There was actually very little scripture referenced at all. However, they were able to discuss without the judgmental, intolerant references to “hate” and “homophobia.” They discussed people and we must be grateful for that.

On immigration

Harper’s personal discussions in opening this chapter were welcome and masterfully written. Her biblical imagery of caring for the alien is often forgotten in an Evangelical world. She did fail to mention the word “illegal,” which is what Innes focus was primarily about. Innes also becomes very personal, with his own immigration story, as it should be as a Canadian born US citizen. Yet, in his conclusion, he focuses on the policy and backs away from the real immigrants. I will be passing out this chapter to my people.

On war and terrorism

I think most will have a hard time following Innes to his conclusion that love of neighbor requires a tough-minded foreign policy (p. 184). Harper, like Innes in this chapter, applies Scripture selective at first, but then re-appropriates that beautiful redemptive picture she began the book with. Both call, though only Harper uses the words, for a better discernment that leads towards repentance at all times and only action when necessary (p. 188).

On the environment

Harpers opening teleology really comes home here (p. 1987). She beautifully ties people to place, as it should be (p. 198), but moves too quickly into the negatives of guilt and fear (p. 205). She again leaps from people and place to legislation. The lack is certainly mine, by this point in the book she has prove herself to be marvelously capable. Innes finally makes clear a teleology for both people and world (p. 208-210). He wisely points out the pagan tendencies of the environmental movements, promising another gospel and relying on guilt and fear (p. 211). Though he never quite gets to be point of addressing our personal (or corporate) wasteful practices that are causing much of today’s environmental ills. This is what I want my people to think about, both limiting their “footprint” while at the same time increasing their handprint in beneficial ways.

My Pastoral Conclusion?

Buy this book. It is a great layman’s conversation on the necessary political conduct that flows from an Evangelical faith in Jesus as the Savior of the world. We must be involved because real politics is about people. Not just people over there, but your neighbors whom you are commanded to love.

Personally, I remain undeclared, though I found myself resonating with both at different times. I continue to hope for some wisdom that discerns the best of both for the good of the people I pastor and the neighbors I live with. I hope my gratitude is clear. I want more from these two, not less. I write as their student in most things politic, not their tutor. I am offering a bridge to make it more real to people who actually sit in the pews of Evangelical churches and walk around main street more often that they do Capitol Hill.

So, to Mrs. Harper and Mr. Innes. Thank you, I am better for your efforts. The people I pastor will be better off because of your influence on me in these pages. Please keep writing and talking. Please always be careful to recommend Jesus more than your party. Please preach a gospel based on the finished work of Jesus on the cross, not on family values or social justice. Please do the most possible good for the greatest number of people because God loves. Please help us learn to do good to the people in front of us and not, by politics, take the responsibility out of our hands either by saying, “It really isn’t a big deal,” or by saying, “the government will do it.” The love of Christ compels us and we need you to help us find the way.